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Proteins
TypeDescriptionExamples
Integral proteins
or transmembrane proteinsSpan the membrane and have a hydrophilic cytosolic domain, which interacts with internal molecules, a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that anchors it within the cell membrane, and a hydrophilic extracellular domain that interacts with external molecules. The hydrophobic domain consists of one, multiple, or a combination of α-helices and β sheet protein motifs.Ion channels, proton pumps, G protein-coupled receptor
Lipid anchored proteinsCovalently bound to single or multiple lipid molecules; hydrophobically insert into the cell membrane and anchor the protein. The protein itself is not in contact with the membrane.G proteins
Peripheral proteinsAttached to integral membrane proteins, or associated with peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer. These proteins tend to have only temporary interactions with biological membranes, and once reacted, the molecule dissociates to carry on its work in the cytoplasm.Some enzymes, some hormones
The cell membrane has large content of proteins, typically around 50% of membrane volume[24] These proteins are important for cell because they are responsible for various biological activities. Approximately a third of the genes in yeast code specifically for them, and this number is even higher in multicellular organisms.[22] Membrane proteins consist of three main types: Integral proteins, peripheral proteins, and lipid-anchored proteins.[3